(867) 446-0891 < Back Hay River Wado Kai Karate Club Sempei Aaron Martin (867) 446-0891 azrmartin@gmail.com Address 7 Veterans Rd, Hay River NT X0E0R8 Hay River, NT, Canada Practice Times Monday/Wednesday - Senior Belts - 6-8 pm (Mountain Daylight) Saturday - Regular Classes - 11-1:00 pm (Mountain Daylight) Club Website or Social Media Notes Previous Map Next

(306) 861-3214 < Back Ceylon Wado Kai Karate Sensei Owen Day (306) 861-3214 senseiowen@outlook.com Address 410 Main Street, Ceylon, SK, Canada Ceylon, SK, Canada Practice Times Tuesday - Youth - 6:00-7:00 pm / Advance Youth/Adult - 7:00-9:00 pm Club Website or Social Media Notes Previous Map Next

Part 2 of 2 - Top of Page Pol. 12A Grading Manual Pol. 12B Shindo Grading Pol. 13 Approved Kata List Pol. 14 Succession Planning Pol. 15 Logo Trademark Pol. 16 Intellectual Property Pol. 17 Audit Committee Pol. 18 Harassment Policy Pol. 19 Mentorship Program Pol. 20 SWKKF Affiliations Pol. 21 Committee Appt. / Ren. Masters Cup Bottom of Page Policies and Procedures -- Disclaimer This website provides a central location for approved policies and procedures currently in effect. They are for use within the SWKKF. Given the significant amount of material available, and for ease of use, it is presented in two parts. Part 1 - Click here - Policies 1 - 11 Part 2 - This screen - Policies 12 - 21 Pol. 12A Grading Manual Policy 12A - SWKKF Grading Manual This policy covers the SWKKF grading process. Click the pdf icon to download the Grading Manual. Grading Manual Click the "Policy 12A" icon for an overview of the Black Belt Grading. Pol. 12A Pol. 12B Shindo Grading Policy 12B - Shindo Grading This policy covers the SWKKF SHINDO grading process. Click the " Policy 12B " icon for an overview on the Shindo Black Belt Grading. The requested document is open to registered black belts within the SWKKF. For more information please contact the Secretary General by clicking the SWKKF icon. Pol. 12B e-mail Pol. 13 Approved Kata List Policy 13 - SWKKF Approved Kata List This policy covers the approved SWKKF katas. Pol. 13 Pol. 14 Succession Planning Policy 14 - SWKKF Succession Planning This policy covers the succession plan for the SWKKF. The requested document is available only to SWKKF Senate Members. e-mail Pol. 15 Logo Trademark Policy 15 - SWKKF Logo Trademark This policy covers the use of the registered SWKKF trademark logo. Pol. 15 Pol. 16 Intellectual Property Policy 16 - SWKKF Intellectual Property This policy covers the use of the registered SWKKF trademark logo. The requested document is open to registered black belts within the SWKKF. Please e-mail the Secretary General for more information. e-mail Pol. 17 Audit Committee Policy 17 - SWKKF Audit Committee To act on behalf of the Senate and oversee all material aspects of the organization’s financial reporting, internal control and audit functions, except those specifically related to the responsibilities of another standing committee of the board. The requested document is open to registered black belts within the SWKKF. Please e-mail the Secretary General for more information. e-mail Pol. 18 Harassment Policy Policy 18 - SWKKF Harassment Policy The SWKKF believes in providing a positive working environment where all individuals are treated with respect and dignity. Each individual has the right to participate in a professional atmosphere which promotes equal opportunities and prohibits discriminatory practices, including sexual harassment. Harassment, whether verbal, physical or environmental is unacceptable and will not be tolerated. Pol. 18 Pol. 19 Mentorship Program Policy 19 - SWKKF Mentorship Program The Mentorship program has become a priority with in the SWKKF to encourage mentorship throughout the organization. This is to ensure that the natural progression of mentoring continues and Hanshi Shintani’s teachings are carried on to generations ahead. Pol. 19 Pol. 20 SWKKF Affiliations Policy 20 - SWKKF Affiliations This policy describes affiliation with the SWKKF. Pol. 20 Pol. 21 Committee Appt. / Ren. Policy 21 - Appointment and Removal of Committee Members This policy describes the appointment and removal of committee members. Pol. 21 Masters Cup Bottom of Page Masters Cup National Tournament The Masters Cup is a long standing tradition for the National Tournament. This document sets out the guidelines. Masters Cup

Brief History of Karate Some of the earliest origins of karate have been traced to the island of Okinawa in the Ryukyu Island chain. It is thought that a native style of self-defense developed here called te, or hand in English. Okinawa is within close distance to the coasts of Japan, China, Taiwan, and Korea. Thus there has been extensive influence from a number of Asian cultures in the subsequent history of this island. Karate as it has developed is thought to be an amalgamation of te with some prominent Chinese martial arts, such as Shaolin Temple Monk fist boxing. In early years, karate was translated as "Chinese hand". (kara = China / Chinese and te = hand) An early event germane to the development of karate, occurred in 1477 during the beginning of the newly formed Sho Dynasty (Reid & Croucher, 1983 ). In order to manage unruly warlords, the king proclaimed a ban on the carrying of swords, and had all weapons, and the warlords themselves, brought to court, where they could be monitored. In 1609 when the Japanese annexed Okinawa, they maintained the ban on the carrying of weapons. However, Japanese samurai were exempt from this edict. It is suggested that during this time both the art of the hand, as well as weapon arts, or kobudo, were developing. The nobility were studying mostly te, and the peasant classes developing weapons systems based upon the use of familiar, and available tools, such as rice flails (nunchaku), mill grindstone handles (tonfa), sickles (kama), and other implements. On Okinawa, te began to develop into three similar, but distinct systems. They were tied to the major geographical regions of Shuri, Tomari, and Naha. Reid & Croucher (1983) state that these differences may have emerged through the divergent influences coming into each region. Shuri-te evolved more from the influence of the harder Shaolin Temple style under the likes of Sokon Matsumura, and Naha-te, these being more closely related to the "inner" Chinese styles. They emphasized the cultivation of ki (a.k.a. chi), or life energy and was fostered by Kanryo Higaonna. In the early 1920's, an Okinawan school teacher under the tutelage of Anko Itosu, named Gichin Funakoshi, was observed by the Japanese Emperor's son performing a display of Shuri-te karate. Funakoshi was subsequently invited to Japan to demonstrate karate for the nation, and later went on to be charged with incorporating it into the regular Japanese school curriculum. Funakoshi's adaptations to shorin-style karate later became known as shotokan, a name adapted from his own authored pen name. In 1935, a multi-style coalition of karate masters met to decide on a common name for their teachings, and "karate" was decided upon, with a slight change in the meaning to "empty hand", a decision which reflects the independent political stance at the time. Tomari-te appears to adopt aspects of both the hard and soft of Shuri-te and Naha-te, and has been associated with Kosanku Matsumora. Towards the late 1800's, the Shuri and Tomari styles merged into what was called shorin-ryu (the small forest school). Shorin is the Okinawan pronunciation of "Shaolin" in Mandarin-Chinese. The shorin-based styles tend to be light and high in stance. Many styles have emerged from this line, including kobayashi-ryu under Chosin Chibana, matsubayashi-ryu under Shosin Nagamine, and the shorin-ryu of Yasutsune ("Anko") Itosu. Naha-te emerged as goju-ryu (hard and soft school) under the development of Chojun Miyagi, with the goju style placing emphasis on breathing and tension. Another school, shito-ryu is a combination of both goju and shorin styles, while uechi-ryu is very similar to goju.

Interviews Highlighting Sensei Shintani Denis Labbe Brad Cosby Ron Mattie Rick Leveille Michel Gosselin Neil Prime Lou Roentgen Bruce Perkins Jim Atkinson Brian Julien Heather Fidyk Peter Avino Dave Manara Darren Humphries Shelley McGregor Shintani Stories & Memories Rick Leveille Peter Avino Charlotte Martin Robert Graham Lou Roentgen Jim Atkinson Bruce Perkins Shelley McGregor Ron Mattie Darren Humphries Brad Cosby Michel Gosselin Blaine Beemer Heather Fidyk Carlos Garcia

Sport Excel - ZoneQuest Online Black Belt Clinics & Gradings Instructor Course and Certification Kata Clinics Kihon Kumite Clinics Bunkai Self Defense Sparring Strategies Judging Training Shindo Club Startup Initiative SWKKF Training Programs It's often said that learning karate is a lifelong journey, taking consideration and effort. You need to make time and space for it. Skill sets in karate are best taught in person. There is no replacement for that. However, our world has changed. People today want immediate access to information. And it has to be relevant to their instant needs. Think about how you are likely to approach a task at home. You turn on a YouTube instructional video to understand what has to be done just before you begin your task. This requires you to know where to go to access that video information. This is the objective of the SWKKF website -- to provide you with a single source where you can access what you need or find clear directions to where the information can be obtained. The information can relate to clinics, videos, instruction manuals, online courses, certifications, etc. It could relate to refining a particular skill set or even starting a new karate club. With the help of various Committee Members, the SWKKF has developed a series of training programs. These programs or instruction sets are available Online or through Clinics conducted by highly skilled senseis (instructors). Programs and Clinics Offered by the SWKKF Shintani Blac k Belt Clinics & Gradings SWKKF will assum e all costs associated with Black Belt Gradings Host Responsibilities: Book Friday evening facility for clinic Book Saturday facility for grading Plan a banquet Collect fees Recommended pricing to help cover facility costs Friday Clinic $25. Saturday Grading: $25 - $40 Shintani Instructor Course & Certification – Level 1, 2, 3 & 4 Developed and instructed by Sensei Ron Mattie Instructor Course (2 day clinic) Learn Hanshi Shintani’s theory and philosophy Apply theory and philosophy to techniques and teaching methods Four instructor certification levels Level 1: Brown Belt, Shodan Black Belts Level 2: Nidan and up Level 3: Nidan and up Level 4: Yodan and up Certification Requirements Shintani Instructor Course Additional Shintani courses and workshops Security check Standard CPR / First Aid National Coaching Certification Program (NCCP) or equivalent national program Click here for more information. Shintani Kata Clinics Shintani Kata’s Kitagawa taught these kata to Hanshi Shintani Seisho was developed by Hanshi Shintani Eighteen Unique Kata to the SWKKF Clinics Taught by instructors selected by the Shintani Kat a Commitee Range from 1 – 3 kata in a day All members can participate (Juniors, Seniors and Black Belts) In-person or Virtual Online Cost: Junior or Single Kata - $20. Full day Clinic - $50. Shintani Kihon Kumite Clinics Developed by direct students of Hanshi Shintani (Sensei Denis Labbe, Sensei Bruce Perkins, Sensei Ron Mattie, Sensei Jim Atkinson, Sensei Neil Prime, Sensei Brad Cosby, Sensei Danny McCoy) Learn Hanshi Shintani’s favorite Kihon Kumite techniques 36 techniques taught in two clinics Taught by direct students of Hanshi Shintani Video reference is on the Shintani store Cost: $50. Bunkai – Level 1, 2, 3 Developed by Sensei Ron Mattie, Sensei James Freeman, Sensei Darren Humphries, Sensei Kris Reynolds, Sensei Craig McCleary, Sensei Craig Pettie Learn how to analyze the movements in kata to find the underlying fighting concepts behind the techniques and apply them to real self defense situations 3 Levels of Bunkai Level 1: Foundations and concepts involved in analyzing stances, grips and strikes Level 2 (in development): Joint locks, arm bars, break falling Level 3: Open Clinic to analyze and work a kata Can attend any level. Recommended to attend Level 1 as a foundation Cost: Level 1, 2 or 3 - $100. Instructor’s Course - $140. Self Defense – Level 1, 2 Developed by Sensei Darren Marshall to bring awareness 2 levels of Self Defense Level 1 (2 Day clinic): Learning difference between Self Defense, consensual martial arts and sport fighting Environmental awareness Managing adrenal stress Defensive applications Level 2 (2 Day clinic) Passive / Aggressive Stance Vulnerable targets Attack drills Pad drills Ground work Cost: Level 1 or 2 - $100. Sparring Strategies Clinics Developed by Sensei Brad Cosby, Sensei Peter Avino and Sensei Neil Prime 2 Day clinic Increase speed and range of motion Enhance footwork to maximize distancing and timing Identify students' strengths and weaknesses Learn strategies to maximize strengths Learn how to capitalize on opponents’ weaknesses Cost: Full Program - $100. Kyu Belt Participants - $25. Judging Training Phase 1 Certification 6-hour course divided into 2-hour sections Qualify Blue belts and higher as scorekeepers Qualify Black Belts as corner judges Qualify Sandan and up as centre referees Refresher Clinic Ongoing training for our members and volunteers (https://www.shintani.ca/swkkf-programs) 3 ways to offer judging training Night before a tournament Attend full day clinic Online Videos for refresher Phase 2 Focus on scoring techniques and what makes a point Click here for the Online Training Course Phase 1. Click here for the online Training Phase 2 Course . Click here for Tournament Scorekeeping. Shindo – Basic, Intermediate, Advanced Basic Shindo History of Shindo Basic principles Kata: Chonan No Shindo, Shindo Nidan Intermediate Shindo Hand grip transitions Combinations in motion Take downs Kata: Cio Bo Tie Advanced Shindo Shindo Kumite Advanced combinations Kata: Seishin No Shindo Cost: Basic, Intermediate or Advanced - $50. Weekend Clinic - $100. Weekend Clinic Family of 3 or more - $250. Click here for more information Club Startup Initiative Click here for more information Black Belt Clinics & Gradings Kata Clinics Kihon Kumite Clinics Bunkai Self Defense Sparring Strategies Judging Training Shindo Club Startup Initiative Instructor Course and Certification Mail For further information on Clinics, please e-mail Sensei Denis Labbé. To host a clinic or grading download and fill out the Calendar Of Events Form and send it to dlabbe@shintani.ca Also refer to Policies, Procedures & Manuals - Manuals - Judging Training Phase 1 Sport Excel - ZoneQuest Online Sport Excel -- ZoneQuest Online High Performance Program Click on graphic for further information

World Kobudo Federation The Shintani Wado Kai Karate Federation (SWKKF) is affiliated with the World Kobudo Federation. The World Kobudo Federation (WKF) offers our members the ability to earn WKF Club Affiliation, Degree and Title recognition, access to Budo-Pro School Development Program, access to world class instructors and much more. Club Affiliation A WKF Club Affiliation is presented once the application form is completed and approved. For more information on joining the WKF, please email Sensei Neil Prime (nprime@shintani.ca ) or Sensei Darren Humphries (dhumphries@shintani.ca ). Dan Gradings In order to obtain a Dan rank with the WKF, a students club must be a member in good standing with the WKF and must fill out the WKF Certification Application Form. For more information on dan certificates with the WKF, email Sensei Neil Prime (nprime@shintani.ca ) or Sensei Darren Humphries (dhumphries@shintani.ca ). Title Recognition Title recognition in the SWKKF will be reserved for those individuals who represent the SWKKF in settings outside the SWKKF where titles beyond Sensei are customary. Any titles will be appointed by the Senate or recommended to the Senate for approval. All title appointments and applications will be approved by the SWKKF Senate before applying for title recognition from the World Kobudo Federation. SWKKF World Kobudo Certificate App Form The Shintani Wado Kai Karate Federation in partnership with the World Kobudo Federation will award rank titles as follows: Shihan Shihan is a master title. This title is presented to senior instructors who are involved in activities outside the SWKFF and is presented to an individual who qualifies at Rokudan or above. A Shihan does not necessarily progress to Kyoshi or Hanshi. Kyoshi Kyoshi is a master title meaning "teacher of teachers". This title is presented to senior instructors who are involved in activities outside the SWKKF and is presented to an individual who qualifies at Shichidan or above. A Kyoshi does not necessarily progress to Hanshi. Hanshi Hanshi is a master title for the headmaster of a style (it is acceptable to have more than one in the SWKKF). This title is presented to senior instructors who are involved in activities outside the SWKKF and is presented to an individual who qualifies at Hachidan or above. For more information refer to the World Kobudo Federation Website. https://www.worldkobudo.org Please e-mail Sensei Niel Prime or Sensei Darren Humphries should you need further information. e-mail address: Sensei Neil Prime (nprime@shintani.ca ) Sensei Darren Humphries (dhumphries@shintani.ca )

Introduction of New Shindo Katas Extract from Sensei Denis Labbé (President) letter to the SWKKF Membership Shindo Committee / September 9, 2010 The Shindo Committee is dedicated to the introduction of Shindo into the everyday teachings of our organization's students. However, the Committee is also dedicated to improving and expanding upon Shindo teachings. We are aware of some Shindo kata(s) that exist currently that are not part of the curriculum and wish to explore them and any others that exist beyond our awareness. The Shindo curriculum should be representative of the entire organization as all members have valuable thoughts and input. These kata(s) may be submitted to the Shindo Committee either in person or via video recording. Regardless of the method of submission, a detailed explanation of all important points is to be included. This may include, but is not limited to the following: Stances Grips Target areas Timing Bunkai History and inspiration for the Participating members who contributed to the kata development Any other important information that is relevant If you are considering developing a new Shindo kata a good starting reference point are the Shindo DVDs themselves. They were intended to be instructional tools and cover the necessary Shindo curriculum. Upon receipt of a kata a thorough review will be performed by the Shindo Committee. Once a good understanding is achieved, the kata will be presented to the Senate for approval. The Senate will make their final decision on whether the kata is eligible and appropriate for tournament competition purposes. In addition, the kata may be recommended to be incorporated into the curriculum for Shindo at some level. Shindo is Sensei Shintani’s art and life. All who study karate are in turn studying Shindo and vice versa, whether they realize it or not. Inherently they may seem different but parallels between karate and Shindo are undeniable. With so many skilled karate and Shindo practitioners in our organization the Shindo Committee wishes to draw upon all knowledge. Collectively we all benefit from this mindset. The Shindo Committee would like to thank everyone for their involvement in Shindo. With your support Shindo will continue to grow and prosper. Shindo Reference Manual

The SWKKF offers classes based on the teachings of World Champion, Bill “Superfoot” Wallace. Classes are conducted by Superfoot Certified Instructors , Sensei Darren Humphries and Sensei Neil Prime. These are on-line classes (via zoom ) and run on Friday nights from 5:00pm Mountain Time / 7:00pm Eastern Time. It is advantageous to have a heavy bag or standup bag for targeting. A private link will be provided for our club members upon request. You will also be given a link to our private Shintani Karate Superfoot Schools Facebook page. To request the link or to find out more about the classes, please contact: Sensei Darren Humphries: dhumphries@shintani.ca Sensei Neil Prime: nprime@shintani.ca

Historical Background of Para-Karate in the SWKKF The initiative for an equitable and fair karate environment goes back to 1985. See the Peter Ciolfi letter at the bottom of the page. 2014 Shintani Athlete with a disability and Shintani Coach become part of Karate Canada National Team and attend WKF World Championships in Bremen, Germany Shintani Coach creates Para Program for Karate Canada 2015 Shintani Athlete with a disability wins Gold at Karate Canada National Championships, Vancouver, BC 2016 Shintani Team includes Para athletes Shintani team competes at US Open winning Para Medals with two Shintani athletes with a disability (kata & kumite) Shintani Team Para athletes earn medals at the Calgary Karate Cup Shotokan Tournament 2017 Shintani team competes at Irish Open winning Para Medals with two Shintani athletes with a disability (kata & kumite) Shintani team competes at US Open winning Para Medals with two Shintani athletes with a disability (kata & kumite) Shintani team competes at Junior International Cup winning Para Medals with two Shintani athletes with a disability (kata & kumite) 2018 Shintani team competes at US Open winning Para Medals with Shintani athletes with a disability (kata & kumite) Shintani team competes at Junior International Cup, winning Para Medals with Shintani athletes with a disability (kata & kumite) Development and Growth of the SWKKF Para-Karate Committee 2018 : Para-Karate Committee began Membership was established (3 black belts, 1 senate advisor, 1 auxiliary member) The committee’s mandate was written Para-Karate rules and regulations for this event at SWKKF tournaments started to be developed The design of a training workshop for judges was discussed 2019: Mandate approved by the senate Rules and Regulations for Para-Karate division designed with WKF information as a reference Judging clinics started to be available to provide training opportunity This committee was senate approved to stand alone Preparation made for black belt training at black belt workouts 2020: Welland black belt workout hosted a Judging and Supporter training clinic Started development of SWKKF Instructor’s Manual for Para-Karate Started development of training clinics for instructors to become certified Para-Karate Instructors Started discussion on development of grading manual and grading sheets Started development of modified criteria and ranking system for Para-Karate students 2021: Development of videos i.e., how to instruct virtually (tips) Modified criteria and ranking for kyu belts established Guidelines for black belt gradings discussed Proposed budget for National Competition initiated Request for SWKKF website to include Para-Karate section – Manual was posted Began development of international competition guide 2022: Re-design SWKKF website to ensure Para-Karate Program is accessible Started discussion about marketing Para-Karate at local dojos International Competition guide posted on SWKKF website Development of more videos i.e., upper/lower body techniques, two-step flag kumite Begin training clinics for Para-Karate Instructors to become certified Confirm guidelines for black belt gradings Redesign SWKKF Website to provide a Para-Karate Program section that will be accessible and contain all Para-Karate Program resources, manuals and guidelines. Para-Karate at SWKKF Tournaments 2017: South Calgary began hosting Para divisions including Shindo (first division featured 3 competitors) 2019: First Para-Karate event at a SWKKF tournament in Welland (April 2019) Second Para-Karate event at a SWKKF tournament – Nationals (May 2019) 2020-2022 All F2F tournaments were placed on hold due to Covid-19 pandemic and public health restrictions International Para- Karate Competition with SWKKF Representation 2018 Shintani team competes at US Open winning Para Medals with two Shintani athletes with a disability (kata & kumite) Shintani Team competes at Junior International Cup winning Para Medals with Shintani athletes with a disability (kata & kumite) Shintani team member medals in Para weapons with Shindo Shintani Para team member competes kumite on podium in front of 1500 person audience 2019 Shintani team competes at US Open winning Para Medals with two Shintani athletes with a disability (kata & kumite) 2020 Para athletes compete in virtual events, both within and outside the SWKKF 2021 Para athletes compete in virtual events, both within and outside the SWKKF 2022 Para athletes compete in both in person and virtual events, both within and outside the SWKKF Future Possibilities of the SWKKF Para-Karate Program Regular in-person National Tournament with Para-Karate event Active Instructor’s training program Recognized certified Para-Karate Instructors and Judges Recognized SWKKF of Inclusion in policy and practice Increased and active Para-Karate membership in SWKKF April 15, 1985 Sensei Peter Ciolfi Letter on Para-Karate

Wendy & Brittany Logger Memorial Fund Sensei Jim Atkinson Sensei Chris Logger 1 June 2020 The Wendy & Brittany Logger Memorial fund was developed by Sensei Jim Atkinson and Sensei Chris Logger on 27 July 2018. The yearly fund is donated to the SWKKF by the Atkinson & Logger family in honor of Wendy & Brittany Logger. Last year’s fund was $2,500, with the hopes of it growing in the future. Wendy was the wife of Sensei Chris Logger and the sister of Sensei Jim Atkinson. Wendy passed away on 12 October 2016 after battling leukemia. Brittany was the daughter of Wendy & Sensei Chris Logger and the niece of Sensei Jim Atkinson. Brittany passed away 9 months after her mother on July 14 2017. Wendy and Brittany lived in a household influenced by the SWKKF family for many years. Both were involved either on the floor or in helping and planning karate events. Wendy shared the date of her birthday in November with the weekend of the Delhi Karate tournament. She hosted several after tournament socials also held at her house, celebrating both the tournament and her birthday. Wendy and Brittany are remembered by many family members and friends. It is an honor to have been part of creating this wonderful memorial to benefit the SWKKF, an organization we all love. With great pleasure, we are pleased to announce that this year’s fund is $3,000. At the request of the family, this year’s Wendy & Brittany Logger Memorial Fund is to be cared for by the Shindo Committee in the promotion of the Shindo program across North America. The Atkinson & Logger family is most appreciative for the entire generous donation toward this year’s fund. They thank each supporter for helping carry on Wendy's and Brittany’s memory. MEMORIAL FUND SUPPORTERS Chris Logger Nancy & Joe Manning Ed Atkinson Jim & Karen Atkinson (Delhi Karate) Tim McCullough (Port Dover Karate) Lisa Atkinson Rudi Atkinson Sharon Beaulieu Tom Foster (Simcoe South Karate) Darwin Sherman (Tillsonburg Karate)

WELCOME TO SWKKF Canada's Premier Karate Community 1,900+ Members, 60+ Clubs across Canada, 400+ Blackbelts A legacy stretching back to 1966 Our Karate Logo Find a Club Near You Learn About the SWKKF Club SWKKF Photo Slideshow Demo-ing Karate and Shindo